California Private Investigator Exam 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

The act of spreading untruthful information via email is defined as libel because it involves written statements that damage someone's reputation or character. In this scenario, since the information is communicated in a written format (email), it falls under libel rather than slander, which pertains to spoken false statements.

Libel is a form of defamation, where untrue statements are made public and can lead to significant harm to an individual's reputation. The key elements of libel include the publication of the false information, the identification of the individual in the statement, and the resultant harm caused by that untruth.

While character assassination refers to efforts to damage someone's reputation and can involve both written and spoken claims, it is more of a general term rather than a specific legal definition. Harassment, on the other hand, involves threatening or aggressive behavior, which may not necessarily pertain to spreading false information. Therefore, identifying this act correctly as libel is crucial for understanding the legal implications of written defamation.